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3/2 vs 5/2 Solenoid Valve - What's the Difference?

The numbers describe port count and switching positions - and they determine which actuator type the valve can drive.

A 3/2 solenoid valve has 3 ports and 2 switching positions. A 5/2 solenoid valve has 5 ports and 2 switching positions. The port count is what determines which actuator type each valve can drive.

A 3/2 valve has one air-supply port, one output port and one exhaust port - enough to pressurize and vent a single actuator chamber. This makes it the standard choice for single-acting (spring-return) actuators, which only need air pushed in one direction; the internal spring handles the return stroke.

A 5/2 valve has one supply port, two output ports (one to each side of the actuator) and two exhaust ports. This lets it alternately pressurize either side of a double-acting actuator while venting the other - which is exactly what a double-acting actuator needs, since it has no spring and relies on air pressure for both strokes.

The symbol, switching

SOLSPRINGRPA
Type
3/2, spring return
Coil
De-energised
Flow path
P blocked, A exhausts to R
The standard ISO 1219 symbol for each valve. A 3/2 has one outlet: de-energised, the supply is blocked and the outlet exhausts to atmosphere; energised, the supply feeds the outlet. A 5/2 has two outlets and alternates between them, feeding one while the other exhausts - which is what a double-acting actuator needs, since it has no spring to return it.

At a glance

3/2 Valve5/2 Valve
Ports35
Positions22
DrivesSingle-acting (spring-return) actuatorsDouble-acting actuators
Typical useFail-safe applications needing a defined position on air lossApplications where the actuator should hold its last position on air loss

Which one do I need?

Check the actuator, not the valve, first. If the actuator has a visible spring housing (usually a longer body on one end), it's single-acting and needs a 3/2 valve. If it's a symmetric dual-rack body with no spring housing, it's double-acting and needs a 5/2 valve.

Related

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